Participants of the Climate Forum in 2019, photo credit 350.org

اسأل، لا تخبر: كيف للحكومات أن تدمج المجتمعات للتفاعل معها بشأن تغير المناخ؟

تعرف المجتمعات والمنظمات غير الحكومية أفضل من الحكومات بشأن السياسات البيئية، ويجب على المجتمعات أن تُدير مسألة تغيير وانتقال الطاقة في أوكرانيا.
Ukraine, Eastern Europe

Story by Illia Yeremenko. Translated by Ola Salah
Published on January 23, 2021.

This story is also available in GB fr it kr nl ru tr ua



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قد أقيمت الانتخابات مرتين في العام الماضي، [1] وقامت الحكومة الجديدة بتغيير السياسة البيئية في أوكرانيا، حيث اندمجت وزارتي الطاقة وصناعة الفحم مع وزارة الحماية البيئية في كيان واحد أُطلق عليه "وزارة الطاقة والحماية البيئية" ومن ثم جاءت الوزارة الجديدة بما يسمى "الصفقة الجديدة الخضراء" [2] من أجل أوكرانيا، وعلى الرغم من ترحيبي بنية انعقاد صفقة جديدة حقيقة، وبناءً على خبرتي في السلطات المحلية، أؤكد أن هذه السياسة يجب أن تخضع لمزيد من المناقشات مع أصحاب المصلحة على جميع المستويات، وخاصة السلطات المحلية، قبل اعتمادها.

  ففي عام 2010، بدأت كطالبًا متطوعًا في منظمة بيئية غير حكومية، كانت أول مهمة لي هي دراسة مشاريع كفاءة الطاقة في منطقة مانيفيتشي، مجتمع شمالي صغير في أوكرانيا. بالحديث مع موظف في قطاع الإدارة، لاحظت كيف كانوا متحمسين، وأرادوا تطوير راحة المواطن من خلال رفع كفاءة المرافق العامة، وعلى الرغم من أنه في الحقيقة ليس كل موظفي الخدمة المدنية على نفس القدر من الحماس، لكن اتفق جميع من التقيت بهم على تحسين حياة المواطنين التابعين لهم، ذلك حقيقيًا خاصة في المجتمعات الصغيرة، حيث يمثل موظفي الخدمة المدنية احتياجات أصدقائهم وجيرانهم، لذلك فأنا أؤمن بأن المجتمعات الصغيرة وليس الحكومات الفيدرالية، هي من يجب عليها أن تدير ملف "التحول الأخضر الجديد".

كما يجب على السلطات الوطنية أن تعي ذلك! فبحكم عملي مع المنظمات غير الحكومية، أرى السياسات الوطنية من وجهة نظر المسؤولين المحليين.، فتقوم الحكومة بعمل خطط على المستوى الوطني دون استشارة المجتمعات، . ويؤدي عدم إجراء مشاورات إلى مشاكل تتعلق بالتنفيذ على أرض الواقع.

على سبيل المثال: الإعانات الحكومية الفعلية لتكلفة الطاقة الموجهة لمحدودي الدخل صممت بطريقة تعوق كفاءة الطاقة، فلكي تكون مستحقًا  للدعم يجب على الأسرة استهلاك قدر محدد من الغاز كل عام، إذا استهلكت الأسرة قدر أقل تفقد الدعم، لذلك يجب عليهم استهلاك و حرق قدرًا أكبر من الغاز الطبيعي كي يستحقوا الدعم، اسمي تلك العملية بالتحفيز الضار.

ففي أحد الأيام، في مقهى، تناقشت مع بعض الزملاء كيف لنا أن نعمل على تضييق الفجوة بين مستوى السياسات المحلية والوطنية، فأسفرالنقاش عن أكبر حدث قمت بتنظيمه في حياتي: منتدى "المدن المناخية الطموحة" في عام 2019، حيث أحضرنا ممثلين من 50 سلطة محلية، من ضمنهم محافظين من 7 مدن. في المنتدى، وقّعت 21 بلدية على إعلان المنتدى الذي ينادي بمزيد من الاهتمام على مستوى الولاية للتطوير المحلي، خاصةً في مجالات الطاقة الخضراء والمناخ. لقد كان ذلك أضخم وأكثر حدث مؤثرًا تم تنظيمه من قبل المجتمع الأوكراني المدني في مجال الطاقة.

 أعرب العديد من المشاركين عن دعمهم لفكرة تعاون أفضل بين المستويين المحلي والوطني، و فكرة "التحول الأخضر الجديد" عامةً، كنت في غاية الفخر بنفسي بما أنجزت!

 كما لقينا كمنظمات مجتمع مدني كل الدعم من السلطات المحلية، الذين كانوا أتم الاستعداد  لكي يخطو أولى خطواتهم نحو الإجراءات المناخية، إذا اتبعت الحكومة خطتنا، فسنكون في اقتصاد أخضر جديد في لمح البصر.


[1] اقرأ عن الانتخابات: هنا وهنا.

[2] انظر إصدار مجلس الوزراء (باللغة الأوكرانية فقط). لمعرفة المزيد ، قم بتنزيل المفهوم.


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Illia Yeremenko

Illia Yeremenko

Illia (31) works for the NGO Ecoclub of Ukraine and has been chairing the Ukrainian Climate Network for the last four  years. Ecoclub is based in Rivne, western Ukraine, but its operations cover the whole country and, to a limited extent, engage other eastern European countries (Georgia, Moldova). Illia joined the organization as a student eight years ago. From the very beginning his work was closely related to local authorities. Illia designed and carried out educational and awareness-raising programs for local officials, and participated at countless round tables and meetings to help them in strategizing. He believes that local communities are the force that brings prosperity to any nation.

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